Somalia has made significant strides in recent years toward improving immunization coverage, but substantial obstacles remain. One recent initiative, the Federal Republic of Somalia’s introduction of vaccines against pneumococcal disease and rotavirus into the national immunization programme, marks a critical milestone. These illnesses account for a large share of child mortality under five; by adding these vaccines, Somalia aims to reduce deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoeal diseases, which are among the leading causes of death in children in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa.

However, achieving widespread, consistent vaccine access is fraught with barriers. The surge in diphtheria cases in 2025 underlines how vaccine shortages, combined with external funding cuts, can produce devastating effects. Over 1,600 cases and nearly 90 deaths have been reported in Somalia so far, nearly double the previous year. The decline in donor support and vaccine supply has led to the suspension of mobile clinics and the closure of health outreach services, undermining public health gains.

Beyond supply issues, social, logistical, and structural obstacles also play a substantial role. In Mogadishu, for example, studies show that around 26% of eligible children miss vaccination opportunities. The reasons are many: caregivers may be unaware of vaccination schedules, health facilities may lack consistent supplies or appropriate cold-chain storage, and security or accessibility can prevent people from reaching clinics.

For a pharmaceutical outsourcing and supply partner like Bidhaan, these realities present both responsibility and opportunity. Ensuring a reliable vaccine supply is only the first step; ensuring resilience in distribution networks, investing in cold-chain logistics, and collaborating with local stakeholders from clan elders to community health workers, to cultivate trust, are equally essential. This kind of integrated approach helps close gaps, protect vulnerable populations, and build long-term immunity in communities.